Module szyfrow.support.utilities
+A mish-mash of utility functions
+
+
++Expand source code +
+"""A mish-mash of utility functions"""
+
+import string
+import collections
+import unicodedata
+from itertools import zip_longest
+
+cat = ''.join
+"""join a a list of letters into a string."""
+
+wcat = ' '.join
+"""join a list of words into a string, separated by spaces"""
+
+lcat = '\n'.join
+"""join a list of lines, separated by newline"""
+
+def pos(letter):
+ """Return the position of a letter in the alphabet (0-25)"""
+ if letter in string.ascii_lowercase:
+ return ord(letter) - ord('a')
+ elif letter in string.ascii_uppercase:
+ return ord(letter) - ord('A')
+ else:
+ raise ValueError('pos requires input of {} to be an ascii letter'.format(letter))
+
+def unpos(number):
+ """Return the letter in the given position in the alphabet (mod 26)"""
+ return chr(number % 26 + ord('a'))
+
+def pad(message_len, group_len, fillvalue):
+ """Return the padding needed to extend a message to a multiple of group_len
+ in length.
+
+ fillvalue can be a function or a literal value. If a function, it is called
+ once for each padded character. Use this with fillvalue=random_english_letter
+ to pad a message with random letters.
+ """
+ padding_length = group_len - message_len % group_len
+ if padding_length == group_len: padding_length = 0
+ padding = ''
+ if callable(fillvalue):
+ for i in range(padding_length):
+ padding += fillvalue()
+ else:
+ padding += fillvalue * padding_length
+ return padding
+
+def every_nth(text, n, fillvalue=''):
+ """Returns n strings, each of which consists of every nth character,
+ starting with the 0th, 1st, 2nd, ... (n-1)th character
+
+ >>> every_nth(string.ascii_lowercase, 5)
+ ['afkpuz', 'bglqv', 'chmrw', 'dinsx', 'ejoty']
+ >>> every_nth(string.ascii_lowercase, 1)
+ ['abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz']
+ >>> every_nth(string.ascii_lowercase, 26) # doctest: +NORMALIZE_WHITESPACE
+ ['a', 'b', 'c', 'd', 'e', 'f', 'g', 'h', 'i', 'j', 'k', 'l', 'm', 'n',
+ 'o', 'p', 'q', 'r', 's', 't', 'u', 'v', 'w', 'x', 'y', 'z']
+ >>> every_nth(string.ascii_lowercase, 5, fillvalue='!')
+ ['afkpuz', 'bglqv!', 'chmrw!', 'dinsx!', 'ejoty!']
+ """
+ split_text = chunks(text, n, fillvalue)
+ return [cat(l) for l in zip_longest(*split_text, fillvalue=fillvalue)]
+
+def combine_every_nth(split_text):
+ """Reforms a text split into every_nth strings
+
+ >>> combine_every_nth(every_nth(string.ascii_lowercase, 5))
+ 'abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz'
+ >>> combine_every_nth(every_nth(string.ascii_lowercase, 1))
+ 'abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz'
+ >>> combine_every_nth(every_nth(string.ascii_lowercase, 26))
+ 'abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz'
+ """
+ return cat([cat(l)
+ for l in zip_longest(*split_text, fillvalue='')])
+
+def chunks(text, n, fillvalue=None):
+ """Split a text into chunks of n characters
+
+ >>> chunks('abcdefghi', 3)
+ ['abc', 'def', 'ghi']
+ >>> chunks('abcdefghi', 4)
+ ['abcd', 'efgh', 'i']
+ >>> chunks('abcdefghi', 4, fillvalue='!')
+ ['abcd', 'efgh', 'i!!!']
+ """
+ if fillvalue:
+ # padding = fillvalue[0] * (n - len(text) % n)
+ padding = pad(len(text), n, fillvalue)
+ padded_text = text + padding
+ else:
+ padded_text = text
+ return [(padded_text)[i:i+n] for i in range(0, len(text), n)]
+
+def transpose(items, transposition):
+ """Moves items around according to the given transposition
+
+ >>> transpose(['a', 'b', 'c', 'd'], (0,1,2,3))
+ ['a', 'b', 'c', 'd']
+ >>> transpose(['a', 'b', 'c', 'd'], (3,1,2,0))
+ ['d', 'b', 'c', 'a']
+ >>> transpose([10,11,12,13,14,15], (3,2,4,1,5,0))
+ [13, 12, 14, 11, 15, 10]
+ """
+ transposed = [''] * len(transposition)
+ for p, t in enumerate(transposition):
+ transposed[p] = items[t]
+ return transposed
+
+def untranspose(items, transposition):
+ """Undoes a transpose
+
+ >>> untranspose(['a', 'b', 'c', 'd'], [0,1,2,3])
+ ['a', 'b', 'c', 'd']
+ >>> untranspose(['d', 'b', 'c', 'a'], [3,1,2,0])
+ ['a', 'b', 'c', 'd']
+ >>> untranspose([13, 12, 14, 11, 15, 10], [3,2,4,1,5,0])
+ [10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15]
+ """
+ transposed = [''] * len(transposition)
+ for p, t in enumerate(transposition):
+ transposed[t] = items[p]
+ return transposed
+
+def deduplicate(text):
+ """Return the input string, but with second (and subsequent) occurrences
+ of a character removed.
+ """
+ return list(collections.OrderedDict.fromkeys(text))
+
+
+def letters(text):
+ """Remove all non-alphabetic characters from a text
+ >>> letters('The Quick')
+ 'TheQuick'
+ >>> letters('The Quick BROWN fox jumped! over... the (9lazy) DOG')
+ 'TheQuickBROWNfoxjumpedoverthelazyDOG'
+ """
+ return ''.join([c for c in text if c in string.ascii_letters])
+
+# Special characters for conversion, such as smart quotes.
+unaccent_specials = ''.maketrans({"â": "'", 'â': '"', 'â': '"'})
+
+def unaccent(text):
+ """Remove all accents from letters.
+ It does this by converting the unicode string to decomposed compatability
+ form, dropping all the combining accents, then re-encoding the bytes.
+
+ >>> unaccent('hello')
+ 'hello'
+ >>> unaccent('HELLO')
+ 'HELLO'
+ >>> unaccent('héllo')
+ 'hello'
+ >>> unaccent('héllö')
+ 'hello'
+ >>> unaccent('HÃLLÃ')
+ 'HELLO'
+ """
+ translated_text = text.translate(unaccent_specials)
+ return unicodedata.normalize('NFKD', translated_text).\
+ encode('ascii', 'ignore').\
+ decode('utf-8')
+
+def sanitise(text):
+ """Remove all non-alphabetic characters and convert the text to lowercase
+
+ >>> sanitise('The Quick')
+ 'thequick'
+ >>> sanitise('The Quick BROWN fox jumped! over... the (9lazy) DOG')
+ 'thequickbrownfoxjumpedoverthelazydog'
+ >>> sanitise('HÃLLÃ')
+ 'hello'
+ """
+ return letters(unaccent(text)).lower()
+
+
+def index_of_coincidence(text):
+ """Index of coincidence of a string. This is low for random text,
+ higher for natural langauge.
+ """
+ stext = sanitise(text)
+ counts = collections.Counter(stext)
+ denom = len(stext) * (len(text) - 1) / 26
+ return (
+ sum(max(counts[l] * counts[l] - 1, 0) for l in string.ascii_lowercase)
+ /
+ denom
+ )
+
+
+def frequencies(text):
+ """Count the number of occurrences of each character in text
+
+ >>> sorted(frequencies('abcdefabc').items())
+ [('a', 2), ('b', 2), ('c', 2), ('d', 1), ('e', 1), ('f', 1)]
+ >>> sorted(frequencies('the quick brown fox jumped over the lazy ' \
+ 'dog').items()) # doctest: +NORMALIZE_WHITESPACE
+ [(' ', 8), ('a', 1), ('b', 1), ('c', 1), ('d', 2), ('e', 4), ('f', 1),
+ ('g', 1), ('h', 2), ('i', 1), ('j', 1), ('k', 1), ('l', 1), ('m', 1),
+ ('n', 1), ('o', 4), ('p', 1), ('q', 1), ('r', 2), ('t', 2), ('u', 2),
+ ('v', 1), ('w', 1), ('x', 1), ('y', 1), ('z', 1)]
+ >>> sorted(frequencies('The Quick BROWN fox jumped! over... the ' \
+ '(9lazy) DOG').items()) # doctest: +NORMALIZE_WHITESPACE
+ [(' ', 8), ('!', 1), ('(', 1), (')', 1), ('.', 3), ('9', 1), ('B', 1),
+ ('D', 1), ('G', 1), ('N', 1), ('O', 2), ('Q', 1), ('R', 1), ('T', 1),
+ ('W', 1), ('a', 1), ('c', 1), ('d', 1), ('e', 4), ('f', 1), ('h', 2),
+ ('i', 1), ('j', 1), ('k', 1), ('l', 1), ('m', 1), ('o', 2), ('p', 1),
+ ('r', 1), ('t', 1), ('u', 2), ('v', 1), ('x', 1), ('y', 1), ('z', 1)]
+ >>> sorted(frequencies(sanitise('The Quick BROWN fox jumped! over... '\
+ 'the (9lazy) DOG')).items()) # doctest: +NORMALIZE_WHITESPACE
+ [('a', 1), ('b', 1), ('c', 1), ('d', 2), ('e', 4), ('f', 1), ('g', 1),
+ ('h', 2), ('i', 1), ('j', 1), ('k', 1), ('l', 1), ('m', 1), ('n', 1),
+ ('o', 4), ('p', 1), ('q', 1), ('r', 2), ('t', 2), ('u', 2), ('v', 1),
+ ('w', 1), ('x', 1), ('y', 1), ('z', 1)]
+ >>> frequencies('abcdefabcdef')['x']
+ 0
+ """
+ return collections.Counter(c for c in text)
+
+if __name__ == "__main__":
+ import doctest
+ doctest.testmod()Functions
+-
+
+def cat(iterable, /) +
+-
++
Concatenate any number of strings.
+The string whose method is called is inserted in between each given string. +The result is returned as a new string.
+Example: '.'.join(['ab', 'pq', 'rs']) -> 'ab.pq.rs'
+ +def chunks(text, n, fillvalue=None) +
+-
++
Split a text into chunks of n characters
+>>> chunks('abcdefghi', 3) +['abc', 'def', 'ghi'] +>>> chunks('abcdefghi', 4) +['abcd', 'efgh', 'i'] +>>> chunks('abcdefghi', 4, fillvalue='!') +['abcd', 'efgh', 'i!!!'] ++++Expand source code +
+
+def chunks(text, n, fillvalue=None): + """Split a text into chunks of n characters + + >>> chunks('abcdefghi', 3) + ['abc', 'def', 'ghi'] + >>> chunks('abcdefghi', 4) + ['abcd', 'efgh', 'i'] + >>> chunks('abcdefghi', 4, fillvalue='!') + ['abcd', 'efgh', 'i!!!'] + """ + if fillvalue: + # padding = fillvalue[0] * (n - len(text) % n) + padding = pad(len(text), n, fillvalue) + padded_text = text + padding + else: + padded_text = text + return [(padded_text)[i:i+n] for i in range(0, len(text), n)]
+ +def combine_every_nth(split_text) +
+-
++
Reforms a text split into every_nth strings
+>>> combine_every_nth(every_nth(string.ascii_lowercase, 5)) +'abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz' +>>> combine_every_nth(every_nth(string.ascii_lowercase, 1)) +'abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz' +>>> combine_every_nth(every_nth(string.ascii_lowercase, 26)) +'abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz' ++++Expand source code +
+
+def combine_every_nth(split_text): + """Reforms a text split into every_nth strings + + >>> combine_every_nth(every_nth(string.ascii_lowercase, 5)) + 'abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz' + >>> combine_every_nth(every_nth(string.ascii_lowercase, 1)) + 'abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz' + >>> combine_every_nth(every_nth(string.ascii_lowercase, 26)) + 'abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz' + """ + return cat([cat(l) + for l in zip_longest(*split_text, fillvalue='')])
+ +def deduplicate(text) +
+-
++
Return the input string, but with second (and subsequent) occurrences +of a character removed.
+++Expand source code +
+
+def deduplicate(text): + """Return the input string, but with second (and subsequent) occurrences + of a character removed. + """ + return list(collections.OrderedDict.fromkeys(text))
+ +def every_nth(text, n, fillvalue='') +
+-
++
Returns n strings, each of which consists of every nth character, +starting with the 0th, 1st, 2nd, … (n-1)th character
+>>> every_nth(string.ascii_lowercase, 5) +['afkpuz', 'bglqv', 'chmrw', 'dinsx', 'ejoty'] +>>> every_nth(string.ascii_lowercase, 1) +['abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz'] +>>> every_nth(string.ascii_lowercase, 26) # doctest: +NORMALIZE_WHITESPACE +['a', 'b', 'c', 'd', 'e', 'f', 'g', 'h', 'i', 'j', 'k', 'l', 'm', 'n', + 'o', 'p', 'q', 'r', 's', 't', 'u', 'v', 'w', 'x', 'y', 'z'] +>>> every_nth(string.ascii_lowercase, 5, fillvalue='!') +['afkpuz', 'bglqv!', 'chmrw!', 'dinsx!', 'ejoty!'] ++++Expand source code +
+
+def every_nth(text, n, fillvalue=''): + """Returns n strings, each of which consists of every nth character, + starting with the 0th, 1st, 2nd, ... (n-1)th character + + >>> every_nth(string.ascii_lowercase, 5) + ['afkpuz', 'bglqv', 'chmrw', 'dinsx', 'ejoty'] + >>> every_nth(string.ascii_lowercase, 1) + ['abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz'] + >>> every_nth(string.ascii_lowercase, 26) # doctest: +NORMALIZE_WHITESPACE + ['a', 'b', 'c', 'd', 'e', 'f', 'g', 'h', 'i', 'j', 'k', 'l', 'm', 'n', + 'o', 'p', 'q', 'r', 's', 't', 'u', 'v', 'w', 'x', 'y', 'z'] + >>> every_nth(string.ascii_lowercase, 5, fillvalue='!') + ['afkpuz', 'bglqv!', 'chmrw!', 'dinsx!', 'ejoty!'] + """ + split_text = chunks(text, n, fillvalue) + return [cat(l) for l in zip_longest(*split_text, fillvalue=fillvalue)]
+ +def frequencies(text) +
+-
++
Count the number of occurrences of each character in text
+>>> sorted(frequencies('abcdefabc').items()) +[('a', 2), ('b', 2), ('c', 2), ('d', 1), ('e', 1), ('f', 1)] +>>> sorted(frequencies('the quick brown fox jumped over the lazy ' 'dog').items()) # doctest: +NORMALIZE_WHITESPACE +[(' ', 8), ('a', 1), ('b', 1), ('c', 1), ('d', 2), ('e', 4), ('f', 1), + ('g', 1), ('h', 2), ('i', 1), ('j', 1), ('k', 1), ('l', 1), ('m', 1), + ('n', 1), ('o', 4), ('p', 1), ('q', 1), ('r', 2), ('t', 2), ('u', 2), + ('v', 1), ('w', 1), ('x', 1), ('y', 1), ('z', 1)] +>>> sorted(frequencies('The Quick BROWN fox jumped! over... the ' '(9lazy) DOG').items()) # doctest: +NORMALIZE_WHITESPACE +[(' ', 8), ('!', 1), ('(', 1), (')', 1), ('.', 3), ('9', 1), ('B', 1), + ('D', 1), ('G', 1), ('N', 1), ('O', 2), ('Q', 1), ('R', 1), ('T', 1), + ('W', 1), ('a', 1), ('c', 1), ('d', 1), ('e', 4), ('f', 1), ('h', 2), + ('i', 1), ('j', 1), ('k', 1), ('l', 1), ('m', 1), ('o', 2), ('p', 1), + ('r', 1), ('t', 1), ('u', 2), ('v', 1), ('x', 1), ('y', 1), ('z', 1)] +>>> sorted(frequencies(sanitise('The Quick BROWN fox jumped! over... ' 'the (9lazy) DOG')).items()) # doctest: +NORMALIZE_WHITESPACE +[('a', 1), ('b', 1), ('c', 1), ('d', 2), ('e', 4), ('f', 1), ('g', 1), + ('h', 2), ('i', 1), ('j', 1), ('k', 1), ('l', 1), ('m', 1), ('n', 1), + ('o', 4), ('p', 1), ('q', 1), ('r', 2), ('t', 2), ('u', 2), ('v', 1), + ('w', 1), ('x', 1), ('y', 1), ('z', 1)] +>>> frequencies('abcdefabcdef')['x'] +0 ++++Expand source code +
+
+def frequencies(text): + """Count the number of occurrences of each character in text + + >>> sorted(frequencies('abcdefabc').items()) + [('a', 2), ('b', 2), ('c', 2), ('d', 1), ('e', 1), ('f', 1)] + >>> sorted(frequencies('the quick brown fox jumped over the lazy ' \ + 'dog').items()) # doctest: +NORMALIZE_WHITESPACE + [(' ', 8), ('a', 1), ('b', 1), ('c', 1), ('d', 2), ('e', 4), ('f', 1), + ('g', 1), ('h', 2), ('i', 1), ('j', 1), ('k', 1), ('l', 1), ('m', 1), + ('n', 1), ('o', 4), ('p', 1), ('q', 1), ('r', 2), ('t', 2), ('u', 2), + ('v', 1), ('w', 1), ('x', 1), ('y', 1), ('z', 1)] + >>> sorted(frequencies('The Quick BROWN fox jumped! over... the ' \ + '(9lazy) DOG').items()) # doctest: +NORMALIZE_WHITESPACE + [(' ', 8), ('!', 1), ('(', 1), (')', 1), ('.', 3), ('9', 1), ('B', 1), + ('D', 1), ('G', 1), ('N', 1), ('O', 2), ('Q', 1), ('R', 1), ('T', 1), + ('W', 1), ('a', 1), ('c', 1), ('d', 1), ('e', 4), ('f', 1), ('h', 2), + ('i', 1), ('j', 1), ('k', 1), ('l', 1), ('m', 1), ('o', 2), ('p', 1), + ('r', 1), ('t', 1), ('u', 2), ('v', 1), ('x', 1), ('y', 1), ('z', 1)] + >>> sorted(frequencies(sanitise('The Quick BROWN fox jumped! over... '\ + 'the (9lazy) DOG')).items()) # doctest: +NORMALIZE_WHITESPACE + [('a', 1), ('b', 1), ('c', 1), ('d', 2), ('e', 4), ('f', 1), ('g', 1), + ('h', 2), ('i', 1), ('j', 1), ('k', 1), ('l', 1), ('m', 1), ('n', 1), + ('o', 4), ('p', 1), ('q', 1), ('r', 2), ('t', 2), ('u', 2), ('v', 1), + ('w', 1), ('x', 1), ('y', 1), ('z', 1)] + >>> frequencies('abcdefabcdef')['x'] + 0 + """ + return collections.Counter(c for c in text)
+ +def index_of_coincidence(text) +
+-
++
Index of coincidence of a string. This is low for random text, +higher for natural langauge.
+++Expand source code +
+
+def index_of_coincidence(text): + """Index of coincidence of a string. This is low for random text, + higher for natural langauge. + """ + stext = sanitise(text) + counts = collections.Counter(stext) + denom = len(stext) * (len(text) - 1) / 26 + return ( + sum(max(counts[l] * counts[l] - 1, 0) for l in string.ascii_lowercase) + / + denom + )
+ +def lcat(iterable, /) +
+-
++
Concatenate any number of strings.
+The string whose method is called is inserted in between each given string. +The result is returned as a new string.
+Example: '.'.join(['ab', 'pq', 'rs']) -> 'ab.pq.rs'
+ +def letters(text) +
+-
++
Remove all non-alphabetic characters from a text
+>>> letters('The Quick') +'TheQuick' +>>> letters('The Quick BROWN fox jumped! over... the (9lazy) DOG') +'TheQuickBROWNfoxjumpedoverthelazyDOG' ++++Expand source code +
+
+def letters(text): + """Remove all non-alphabetic characters from a text + >>> letters('The Quick') + 'TheQuick' + >>> letters('The Quick BROWN fox jumped! over... the (9lazy) DOG') + 'TheQuickBROWNfoxjumpedoverthelazyDOG' + """ + return ''.join([c for c in text if c in string.ascii_letters])
+ +def pad(message_len, group_len, fillvalue) +
+-
++
Return the padding needed to extend a message to a multiple of group_len +in length.
+fillvalue can be a function or a literal value. If a function, it is called +once for each padded character. Use this with fillvalue=random_english_letter +to pad a message with random letters.
+++Expand source code +
+
+def pad(message_len, group_len, fillvalue): + """Return the padding needed to extend a message to a multiple of group_len + in length. + + fillvalue can be a function or a literal value. If a function, it is called + once for each padded character. Use this with fillvalue=random_english_letter + to pad a message with random letters. + """ + padding_length = group_len - message_len % group_len + if padding_length == group_len: padding_length = 0 + padding = '' + if callable(fillvalue): + for i in range(padding_length): + padding += fillvalue() + else: + padding += fillvalue * padding_length + return padding
+ +def pos(letter) +
+-
++
Return the position of a letter in the alphabet (0-25)
+++Expand source code +
+
+def pos(letter): + """Return the position of a letter in the alphabet (0-25)""" + if letter in string.ascii_lowercase: + return ord(letter) - ord('a') + elif letter in string.ascii_uppercase: + return ord(letter) - ord('A') + else: + raise ValueError('pos requires input of {} to be an ascii letter'.format(letter))
+ +def sanitise(text) +
+-
++
Remove all non-alphabetic characters and convert the text to lowercase
+>>> sanitise('The Quick') +'thequick' +>>> sanitise('The Quick BROWN fox jumped! over... the (9lazy) DOG') +'thequickbrownfoxjumpedoverthelazydog' +>>> sanitise('HÃLLÃ') +'hello' ++++Expand source code +
+
+def sanitise(text): + """Remove all non-alphabetic characters and convert the text to lowercase + + >>> sanitise('The Quick') + 'thequick' + >>> sanitise('The Quick BROWN fox jumped! over... the (9lazy) DOG') + 'thequickbrownfoxjumpedoverthelazydog' + >>> sanitise('HÃLLÃ') + 'hello' + """ + return letters(unaccent(text)).lower()
+ +def transpose(items, transposition) +
+-
++
Moves items around according to the given transposition
+>>> transpose(['a', 'b', 'c', 'd'], (0,1,2,3)) +['a', 'b', 'c', 'd'] +>>> transpose(['a', 'b', 'c', 'd'], (3,1,2,0)) +['d', 'b', 'c', 'a'] +>>> transpose([10,11,12,13,14,15], (3,2,4,1,5,0)) +[13, 12, 14, 11, 15, 10] ++++Expand source code +
+
+def transpose(items, transposition): + """Moves items around according to the given transposition + + >>> transpose(['a', 'b', 'c', 'd'], (0,1,2,3)) + ['a', 'b', 'c', 'd'] + >>> transpose(['a', 'b', 'c', 'd'], (3,1,2,0)) + ['d', 'b', 'c', 'a'] + >>> transpose([10,11,12,13,14,15], (3,2,4,1,5,0)) + [13, 12, 14, 11, 15, 10] + """ + transposed = [''] * len(transposition) + for p, t in enumerate(transposition): + transposed[p] = items[t] + return transposed
+ +def unaccent(text) +
+-
++
Remove all accents from letters. +It does this by converting the unicode string to decomposed compatability +form, dropping all the combining accents, then re-encoding the bytes.
+>>> unaccent('hello') +'hello' +>>> unaccent('HELLO') +'HELLO' +>>> unaccent('héllo') +'hello' +>>> unaccent('héllö') +'hello' +>>> unaccent('HÃLLÃ') +'HELLO' ++++Expand source code +
+
+def unaccent(text): + """Remove all accents from letters. + It does this by converting the unicode string to decomposed compatability + form, dropping all the combining accents, then re-encoding the bytes. + + >>> unaccent('hello') + 'hello' + >>> unaccent('HELLO') + 'HELLO' + >>> unaccent('héllo') + 'hello' + >>> unaccent('héllö') + 'hello' + >>> unaccent('HÃLLÃ') + 'HELLO' + """ + translated_text = text.translate(unaccent_specials) + return unicodedata.normalize('NFKD', translated_text).\ + encode('ascii', 'ignore').\ + decode('utf-8')
+ +def unpos(number) +
+-
++
Return the letter in the given position in the alphabet (mod 26)
+++Expand source code +
+
+def unpos(number): + """Return the letter in the given position in the alphabet (mod 26)""" + return chr(number % 26 + ord('a'))
+ +def untranspose(items, transposition) +
+-
++
Undoes a transpose
+>>> untranspose(['a', 'b', 'c', 'd'], [0,1,2,3]) +['a', 'b', 'c', 'd'] +>>> untranspose(['d', 'b', 'c', 'a'], [3,1,2,0]) +['a', 'b', 'c', 'd'] +>>> untranspose([13, 12, 14, 11, 15, 10], [3,2,4,1,5,0]) +[10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15] ++++Expand source code +
+
+def untranspose(items, transposition): + """Undoes a transpose + + >>> untranspose(['a', 'b', 'c', 'd'], [0,1,2,3]) + ['a', 'b', 'c', 'd'] + >>> untranspose(['d', 'b', 'c', 'a'], [3,1,2,0]) + ['a', 'b', 'c', 'd'] + >>> untranspose([13, 12, 14, 11, 15, 10], [3,2,4,1,5,0]) + [10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15] + """ + transposed = [''] * len(transposition) + for p, t in enumerate(transposition): + transposed[t] = items[p] + return transposed
+ +def wcat(iterable, /) +
+-
++
Concatenate any number of strings.
+The string whose method is called is inserted in between each given string. +The result is returned as a new string.
+Example: '.'.join(['ab', 'pq', 'rs']) -> 'ab.pq.rs'
+