docs/szyfrow/caesar.html

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  22 <header>
  23 <h1 class="title">Module <code>szyfrow.caesar</code></h1>
  24 </header>
  25 <section id="section-intro">
  26 <p>Enciphering and deciphering using the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caesar_cipher">Caesar cipher</a>.
  27 Also attempts to break messages that use a Caesar cipher.</p>
  28 <p>The Caesar cipher operates one letter at a time. It converts each letter to a
  29 number, then enciphers that number by adding the key. The result is taken mod
  30 26 and converted back into a letter.</p>
  31 <details class="source">
  32 <summary>
  33 <span>Expand source code</span>
  34 </summary>
  35 <pre><code class="python">&#34;&#34;&#34;Enciphering and deciphering using the [Caesar cipher](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caesar_cipher).
  36 Also attempts to break messages that use a Caesar cipher.
  37
  38 The Caesar cipher operates one letter at a time. It converts each letter to a
  39 number, then enciphers that number by adding the key. The result is taken mod
  40 26 and converted back into a letter.
  41
  42 &#34;&#34;&#34;
  43
  44 from szyfrow.support.utilities import *
  45 from szyfrow.support.language_models import *
  46
  47 def caesar_encipher_letter(accented_letter, shift):
  48     &#34;&#34;&#34;Encipher a letter, given a shift amount.
  49
  50     Accented version of latin letters (such as é and ö) are converted to their
  51     non-accented versions before encryption.
  52
  53     &gt;&gt;&gt; caesar_encipher_letter(&#39;a&#39;, 1)
  54     &#39;b&#39;
  55     &gt;&gt;&gt; caesar_encipher_letter(&#39;a&#39;, 2)
  56     &#39;c&#39;
  57     &gt;&gt;&gt; caesar_encipher_letter(&#39;b&#39;, 2)
  58     &#39;d&#39;
  59     &gt;&gt;&gt; caesar_encipher_letter(&#39;x&#39;, 2)
  60     &#39;z&#39;
  61     &gt;&gt;&gt; caesar_encipher_letter(&#39;y&#39;, 2)
  62     &#39;a&#39;
  63     &gt;&gt;&gt; caesar_encipher_letter(&#39;z&#39;, 2)
  64     &#39;b&#39;
  65     &gt;&gt;&gt; caesar_encipher_letter(&#39;z&#39;, -1)
  66     &#39;y&#39;
  67     &gt;&gt;&gt; caesar_encipher_letter(&#39;a&#39;, -1)
  68     &#39;z&#39;
  69     &gt;&gt;&gt; caesar_encipher_letter(&#39;A&#39;, 1)
  70     &#39;B&#39;
  71     &gt;&gt;&gt; caesar_encipher_letter(&#39;é&#39;, 1)
  72     &#39;f&#39;
  73     &#34;&#34;&#34;
  74     # letter = unaccent(accented_letter)
  75     # if letter in string.ascii_letters:
  76     #     if letter in string.ascii_uppercase:
  77     #         alphabet_start = ord(&#39;A&#39;)
  78     #     else:
  79     #         alphabet_start = ord(&#39;a&#39;)
  80     #     return chr(((ord(letter) - alphabet_start + shift) % 26) +
  81     #                alphabet_start)
  82     # else:
  83     #     return letter
  84
  85     letter = unaccent(accented_letter)
  86     if letter in string.ascii_letters:
  87         cipherletter = unpos(pos(letter) + shift)
  88         if letter in string.ascii_uppercase:
  89             return cipherletter.upper()
  90         else:
  91             return cipherletter
  92     else:
  93         return letter
  94
  95 def caesar_decipher_letter(letter, shift):
  96     &#34;&#34;&#34;Decipher a letter, given a shift amount
  97
  98     &gt;&gt;&gt; caesar_decipher_letter(&#39;b&#39;, 1)
  99     &#39;a&#39;
 100     &gt;&gt;&gt; caesar_decipher_letter(&#39;b&#39;, 2)
 101     &#39;z&#39;
 102     &#34;&#34;&#34;
 103     return caesar_encipher_letter(letter, -shift)
 104
 105 def caesar_encipher(message, shift):
 106     &#34;&#34;&#34;Encipher a message with the Caesar cipher of given shift
 107
 108     &gt;&gt;&gt; caesar_encipher(&#39;abc&#39;, 1)
 109     &#39;bcd&#39;
 110     &gt;&gt;&gt; caesar_encipher(&#39;abc&#39;, 2)
 111     &#39;cde&#39;
 112     &gt;&gt;&gt; caesar_encipher(&#39;abcxyz&#39;, 2)
 113     &#39;cdezab&#39;
 114     &gt;&gt;&gt; caesar_encipher(&#39;ab cx yz&#39;, 2)
 115     &#39;cd ez ab&#39;
 116     &gt;&gt;&gt; caesar_encipher(&#39;Héllo World!&#39;, 2)
 117     &#39;Jgnnq Yqtnf!&#39;
 118     &#34;&#34;&#34;
 119     enciphered = [caesar_encipher_letter(l, shift) for l in message]
 120     return cat(enciphered)
 121
 122 def caesar_decipher(message, shift):
 123     &#34;&#34;&#34;Decipher a message with the Caesar cipher of given shift
 124
 125     &gt;&gt;&gt; caesar_decipher(&#39;bcd&#39;, 1)
 126     &#39;abc&#39;
 127     &gt;&gt;&gt; caesar_decipher(&#39;cde&#39;, 2)
 128     &#39;abc&#39;
 129     &gt;&gt;&gt; caesar_decipher(&#39;cd ez ab&#39;, 2)
 130     &#39;ab cx yz&#39;
 131     &gt;&gt;&gt; caesar_decipher(&#39;Jgnnq Yqtnf!&#39;, 2)
 132     &#39;Hello World!&#39;
 133     &#34;&#34;&#34;
 134     return caesar_encipher(message, -shift)
 135
 136
 137 def caesar_break(message, fitness=Pletters):
 138     &#34;&#34;&#34;Breaks a Caesar cipher using frequency analysis
 139
 140     It tries all possible keys, scores the fitness of the text decipherd with
 141     each key, and returns the key that produces the most fit deciphered text.
 142
 143     &gt;&gt;&gt; caesar_break(&#39;ibxcsyorsaqcheyklxivoexlevmrimwxsfiqevvmihrsasrxliwyrh&#39; \
 144           &#39;ecjsppsamrkwleppfmergefifvmhixscsymjcsyqeoixlm&#39;) # doctest: +ELLIPSIS
 145     (4, -130.849989015...)
 146     &gt;&gt;&gt; caesar_break(&#39;wxwmaxdgheetgwuxztgptedbgznitgwwhpguxyhkxbmhvvtlbhgtee&#39; \
 147           &#39;raxlmhiixweblmxgxwmhmaxybkbgztgwztsxwbgmxgmert&#39;) # doctest: +ELLIPSIS
 148     (19, -128.82410410...)
 149     &gt;&gt;&gt; caesar_break(&#39;yltbbqnqnzvguvaxurorgenafsbezqvagbnornfgsbevpnaabjurer&#39; \
 150           &#39;svaquvzyvxrnznazlybequrvfohgriraabjtbaruraprur&#39;) # doctest: +ELLIPSIS
 151     (13, -126.25403935...)
 152     &#34;&#34;&#34;
 153     sanitised_message = sanitise(message)
 154     best_shift = 0
 155     best_fit = float(&#39;-inf&#39;)
 156     for shift in range(26):
 157         plaintext = caesar_decipher(sanitised_message, shift)
 158         fit = fitness(plaintext)
 159
 160         if fit &gt; best_fit:
 161             best_fit = fit
 162             best_shift = shift
 163
 164     return best_shift, best_fit</code></pre>
 165 </details>
 166 </section>
 167 <section>
 168 </section>
 169 <section>
 170 </section>
 171 <section>
 172 <h2 class="section-title" id="header-functions">Functions</h2>
 173 <dl>
 174 <dt id="szyfrow.caesar.caesar_break"><code class="name flex">
 175 <span>def <span class="ident">caesar_break</span></span>(<span>message, fitness=&lt;function Pletters&gt;)</span>
 176 </code></dt>
 177 <dd>
 178 <div class="desc"><p>Breaks a Caesar cipher using frequency analysis</p>
 179 <p>It tries all possible keys, scores the fitness of the text decipherd with
 180 each key, and returns the key that produces the most fit deciphered text.</p>
 181 <pre><code class="language-python-repl">&gt;&gt;&gt; caesar_break('ibxcsyorsaqcheyklxivoexlevmrimwxsfiqevvmihrsasrxliwyrh'           'ecjsppsamrkwleppfmergefifvmhixscsymjcsyqeoixlm') # doctest: +ELLIPSIS
 182 (4, -130.849989015...)
 183 &gt;&gt;&gt; caesar_break('wxwmaxdgheetgwuxztgptedbgznitgwwhpguxyhkxbmhvvtlbhgtee'           'raxlmhiixweblmxgxwmhmaxybkbgztgwztsxwbgmxgmert') # doctest: +ELLIPSIS
 184 (19, -128.82410410...)
 185 &gt;&gt;&gt; caesar_break('yltbbqnqnzvguvaxurorgenafsbezqvagbnornfgsbevpnaabjurer'           'svaquvzyvxrnznazlybequrvfohgriraabjtbaruraprur') # doctest: +ELLIPSIS
 186 (13, -126.25403935...)
 187 </code></pre></div>
 188 <details class="source">
 189 <summary>
 190 <span>Expand source code</span>
 191 </summary>
 192 <pre><code class="python">def caesar_break(message, fitness=Pletters):
 193     &#34;&#34;&#34;Breaks a Caesar cipher using frequency analysis
 194
 195     It tries all possible keys, scores the fitness of the text decipherd with
 196     each key, and returns the key that produces the most fit deciphered text.
 197
 198     &gt;&gt;&gt; caesar_break(&#39;ibxcsyorsaqcheyklxivoexlevmrimwxsfiqevvmihrsasrxliwyrh&#39; \
 199           &#39;ecjsppsamrkwleppfmergefifvmhixscsymjcsyqeoixlm&#39;) # doctest: +ELLIPSIS
 200     (4, -130.849989015...)
 201     &gt;&gt;&gt; caesar_break(&#39;wxwmaxdgheetgwuxztgptedbgznitgwwhpguxyhkxbmhvvtlbhgtee&#39; \
 202           &#39;raxlmhiixweblmxgxwmhmaxybkbgztgwztsxwbgmxgmert&#39;) # doctest: +ELLIPSIS
 203     (19, -128.82410410...)
 204     &gt;&gt;&gt; caesar_break(&#39;yltbbqnqnzvguvaxurorgenafsbezqvagbnornfgsbevpnaabjurer&#39; \
 205           &#39;svaquvzyvxrnznazlybequrvfohgriraabjtbaruraprur&#39;) # doctest: +ELLIPSIS
 206     (13, -126.25403935...)
 207     &#34;&#34;&#34;
 208     sanitised_message = sanitise(message)
 209     best_shift = 0
 210     best_fit = float(&#39;-inf&#39;)
 211     for shift in range(26):
 212         plaintext = caesar_decipher(sanitised_message, shift)
 213         fit = fitness(plaintext)
 214
 215         if fit &gt; best_fit:
 216             best_fit = fit
 217             best_shift = shift
 218
 219     return best_shift, best_fit</code></pre>
 220 </details>
 221 </dd>
 222 <dt id="szyfrow.caesar.caesar_decipher"><code class="name flex">
 223 <span>def <span class="ident">caesar_decipher</span></span>(<span>message, shift)</span>
 224 </code></dt>
 225 <dd>
 226 <div class="desc"><p>Decipher a message with the Caesar cipher of given shift</p>
 227 <pre><code class="language-python-repl">&gt;&gt;&gt; caesar_decipher('bcd', 1)
 228 'abc'
 229 &gt;&gt;&gt; caesar_decipher('cde', 2)
 230 'abc'
 231 &gt;&gt;&gt; caesar_decipher('cd ez ab', 2)
 232 'ab cx yz'
 233 &gt;&gt;&gt; caesar_decipher('Jgnnq Yqtnf!', 2)
 234 'Hello World!'
 235 </code></pre></div>
 236 <details class="source">
 237 <summary>
 238 <span>Expand source code</span>
 239 </summary>
 240 <pre><code class="python">def caesar_decipher(message, shift):
 241     &#34;&#34;&#34;Decipher a message with the Caesar cipher of given shift
 242
 243     &gt;&gt;&gt; caesar_decipher(&#39;bcd&#39;, 1)
 244     &#39;abc&#39;
 245     &gt;&gt;&gt; caesar_decipher(&#39;cde&#39;, 2)
 246     &#39;abc&#39;
 247     &gt;&gt;&gt; caesar_decipher(&#39;cd ez ab&#39;, 2)
 248     &#39;ab cx yz&#39;
 249     &gt;&gt;&gt; caesar_decipher(&#39;Jgnnq Yqtnf!&#39;, 2)
 250     &#39;Hello World!&#39;
 251     &#34;&#34;&#34;
 252     return caesar_encipher(message, -shift)</code></pre>
 253 </details>
 254 </dd>
 255 <dt id="szyfrow.caesar.caesar_decipher_letter"><code class="name flex">
 256 <span>def <span class="ident">caesar_decipher_letter</span></span>(<span>letter, shift)</span>
 257 </code></dt>
 258 <dd>
 259 <div class="desc"><p>Decipher a letter, given a shift amount</p>
 260 <pre><code class="language-python-repl">&gt;&gt;&gt; caesar_decipher_letter('b', 1)
 261 'a'
 262 &gt;&gt;&gt; caesar_decipher_letter('b', 2)
 263 'z'
 264 </code></pre></div>
 265 <details class="source">
 266 <summary>
 267 <span>Expand source code</span>
 268 </summary>
 269 <pre><code class="python">def caesar_decipher_letter(letter, shift):
 270     &#34;&#34;&#34;Decipher a letter, given a shift amount
 271
 272     &gt;&gt;&gt; caesar_decipher_letter(&#39;b&#39;, 1)
 273     &#39;a&#39;
 274     &gt;&gt;&gt; caesar_decipher_letter(&#39;b&#39;, 2)
 275     &#39;z&#39;
 276     &#34;&#34;&#34;
 277     return caesar_encipher_letter(letter, -shift)</code></pre>
 278 </details>
 279 </dd>
 280 <dt id="szyfrow.caesar.caesar_encipher"><code class="name flex">
 281 <span>def <span class="ident">caesar_encipher</span></span>(<span>message, shift)</span>
 282 </code></dt>
 283 <dd>
 284 <div class="desc"><p>Encipher a message with the Caesar cipher of given shift</p>
 285 <pre><code class="language-python-repl">&gt;&gt;&gt; caesar_encipher('abc', 1)
 286 'bcd'
 287 &gt;&gt;&gt; caesar_encipher('abc', 2)
 288 'cde'
 289 &gt;&gt;&gt; caesar_encipher('abcxyz', 2)
 290 'cdezab'
 291 &gt;&gt;&gt; caesar_encipher('ab cx yz', 2)
 292 'cd ez ab'
 293 &gt;&gt;&gt; caesar_encipher('Héllo World!', 2)
 294 'Jgnnq Yqtnf!'
 295 </code></pre></div>
 296 <details class="source">
 297 <summary>
 298 <span>Expand source code</span>
 299 </summary>
 300 <pre><code class="python">def caesar_encipher(message, shift):
 301     &#34;&#34;&#34;Encipher a message with the Caesar cipher of given shift
 302
 303     &gt;&gt;&gt; caesar_encipher(&#39;abc&#39;, 1)
 304     &#39;bcd&#39;
 305     &gt;&gt;&gt; caesar_encipher(&#39;abc&#39;, 2)
 306     &#39;cde&#39;
 307     &gt;&gt;&gt; caesar_encipher(&#39;abcxyz&#39;, 2)
 308     &#39;cdezab&#39;
 309     &gt;&gt;&gt; caesar_encipher(&#39;ab cx yz&#39;, 2)
 310     &#39;cd ez ab&#39;
 311     &gt;&gt;&gt; caesar_encipher(&#39;Héllo World!&#39;, 2)
 312     &#39;Jgnnq Yqtnf!&#39;
 313     &#34;&#34;&#34;
 314     enciphered = [caesar_encipher_letter(l, shift) for l in message]
 315     return cat(enciphered)</code></pre>
 316 </details>
 317 </dd>
 318 <dt id="szyfrow.caesar.caesar_encipher_letter"><code class="name flex">
 319 <span>def <span class="ident">caesar_encipher_letter</span></span>(<span>accented_letter, shift)</span>
 320 </code></dt>
 321 <dd>
 322 <div class="desc"><p>Encipher a letter, given a shift amount.</p>
 323 <p>Accented version of latin letters (such as é and ö) are converted to their
 324 non-accented versions before encryption.</p>
 325 <pre><code class="language-python-repl">&gt;&gt;&gt; caesar_encipher_letter('a', 1)
 326 'b'
 327 &gt;&gt;&gt; caesar_encipher_letter('a', 2)
 328 'c'
 329 &gt;&gt;&gt; caesar_encipher_letter('b', 2)
 330 'd'
 331 &gt;&gt;&gt; caesar_encipher_letter('x', 2)
 332 'z'
 333 &gt;&gt;&gt; caesar_encipher_letter('y', 2)
 334 'a'
 335 &gt;&gt;&gt; caesar_encipher_letter('z', 2)
 336 'b'
 337 &gt;&gt;&gt; caesar_encipher_letter('z', -1)
 338 'y'
 339 &gt;&gt;&gt; caesar_encipher_letter('a', -1)
 340 'z'
 341 &gt;&gt;&gt; caesar_encipher_letter('A', 1)
 342 'B'
 343 &gt;&gt;&gt; caesar_encipher_letter('é', 1)
 344 'f'
 345 </code></pre></div>
 346 <details class="source">
 347 <summary>
 348 <span>Expand source code</span>
 349 </summary>
 350 <pre><code class="python">def caesar_encipher_letter(accented_letter, shift):
 351     &#34;&#34;&#34;Encipher a letter, given a shift amount.
 352
 353     Accented version of latin letters (such as é and ö) are converted to their
 354     non-accented versions before encryption.
 355
 356     &gt;&gt;&gt; caesar_encipher_letter(&#39;a&#39;, 1)
 357     &#39;b&#39;
 358     &gt;&gt;&gt; caesar_encipher_letter(&#39;a&#39;, 2)
 359     &#39;c&#39;
 360     &gt;&gt;&gt; caesar_encipher_letter(&#39;b&#39;, 2)
 361     &#39;d&#39;
 362     &gt;&gt;&gt; caesar_encipher_letter(&#39;x&#39;, 2)
 363     &#39;z&#39;
 364     &gt;&gt;&gt; caesar_encipher_letter(&#39;y&#39;, 2)
 365     &#39;a&#39;
 366     &gt;&gt;&gt; caesar_encipher_letter(&#39;z&#39;, 2)
 367     &#39;b&#39;
 368     &gt;&gt;&gt; caesar_encipher_letter(&#39;z&#39;, -1)
 369     &#39;y&#39;
 370     &gt;&gt;&gt; caesar_encipher_letter(&#39;a&#39;, -1)
 371     &#39;z&#39;
 372     &gt;&gt;&gt; caesar_encipher_letter(&#39;A&#39;, 1)
 373     &#39;B&#39;
 374     &gt;&gt;&gt; caesar_encipher_letter(&#39;é&#39;, 1)
 375     &#39;f&#39;
 376     &#34;&#34;&#34;
 377     # letter = unaccent(accented_letter)
 378     # if letter in string.ascii_letters:
 379     #     if letter in string.ascii_uppercase:
 380     #         alphabet_start = ord(&#39;A&#39;)
 381     #     else:
 382     #         alphabet_start = ord(&#39;a&#39;)
 383     #     return chr(((ord(letter) - alphabet_start + shift) % 26) +
 384     #                alphabet_start)
 385     # else:
 386     #     return letter
 387
 388     letter = unaccent(accented_letter)
 389     if letter in string.ascii_letters:
 390         cipherletter = unpos(pos(letter) + shift)
 391         if letter in string.ascii_uppercase:
 392             return cipherletter.upper()
 393         else:
 394             return cipherletter
 395     else:
 396         return letter</code></pre>
 397 </details>
 398 </dd>
 399 <dt id="szyfrow.caesar.cat"><code class="name flex">
 400 <span>def <span class="ident">cat</span></span>(<span>iterable, /)</span>
 401 </code></dt>
 402 <dd>
 403 <div class="desc"><p>Concatenate any number of strings.</p>
 404 <p>The string whose method is called is inserted in between each given string.
 405 The result is returned as a new string.</p>
 406 <p>Example: '.'.join(['ab', 'pq', 'rs']) -&gt; 'ab.pq.rs'</p></div>
 407 </dd>
 408 <dt id="szyfrow.caesar.lcat"><code class="name flex">
 409 <span>def <span class="ident">lcat</span></span>(<span>iterable, /)</span>
 410 </code></dt>
 411 <dd>
 412 <div class="desc"><p>Concatenate any number of strings.</p>
 413 <p>The string whose method is called is inserted in between each given string.
 414 The result is returned as a new string.</p>
 415 <p>Example: '.'.join(['ab', 'pq', 'rs']) -&gt; 'ab.pq.rs'</p></div>
 416 </dd>
 417 <dt id="szyfrow.caesar.wcat"><code class="name flex">
 418 <span>def <span class="ident">wcat</span></span>(<span>iterable, /)</span>
 419 </code></dt>
 420 <dd>
 421 <div class="desc"><p>Concatenate any number of strings.</p>
 422 <p>The string whose method is called is inserted in between each given string.
 423 The result is returned as a new string.</p>
 424 <p>Example: '.'.join(['ab', 'pq', 'rs']) -&gt; 'ab.pq.rs'</p></div>
 425 </dd>
 426 </dl>
 427 </section>
 428 <section>
 429 </section>
 430 </article>
 431 <nav id="sidebar">
 432 <h1>Index</h1>
 433 <div class="toc">
 434 <ul></ul>
 435 </div>
 436 <ul id="index">
 437 <li><h3>Super-module</h3>
 438 <ul>
 439 <li><code><a title="szyfrow" href="index.html">szyfrow</a></code></li>
 440 </ul>
 441 </li>
 442 <li><h3><a href="#header-functions">Functions</a></h3>
 443 <ul class="">
 444 <li><code><a title="szyfrow.caesar.caesar_break" href="#szyfrow.caesar.caesar_break">caesar_break</a></code></li>
 445 <li><code><a title="szyfrow.caesar.caesar_decipher" href="#szyfrow.caesar.caesar_decipher">caesar_decipher</a></code></li>
 446 <li><code><a title="szyfrow.caesar.caesar_decipher_letter" href="#szyfrow.caesar.caesar_decipher_letter">caesar_decipher_letter</a></code></li>
 447 <li><code><a title="szyfrow.caesar.caesar_encipher" href="#szyfrow.caesar.caesar_encipher">caesar_encipher</a></code></li>
 448 <li><code><a title="szyfrow.caesar.caesar_encipher_letter" href="#szyfrow.caesar.caesar_encipher_letter">caesar_encipher_letter</a></code></li>
 449 <li><code><a title="szyfrow.caesar.cat" href="#szyfrow.caesar.cat">cat</a></code></li>
 450 <li><code><a title="szyfrow.caesar.lcat" href="#szyfrow.caesar.lcat">lcat</a></code></li>
 451 <li><code><a title="szyfrow.caesar.wcat" href="#szyfrow.caesar.wcat">wcat</a></code></li>
 452 </ul>
 453 </li>
 454 </ul>
 455 </nav>
 456 </main>
 457 <footer id="footer">
 458 <p>Generated by <a href="https://pdoc3.github.io/pdoc"><cite>pdoc</cite> 0.9.2</a>.</p>
 459 </footer>
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