import collections
import math
from enum import Enum
-from itertools import zip_longest, cycle, chain
+from itertools import zip_longest, cycle, chain, count
+import numpy as np
+from numpy import matrix
+from numpy import linalg
from language_models import *
+## Utility functions
+cat = ''.join
+wcat = ' '.join
+
+
modular_division_table = [[0]*26 for _ in range(26)]
for a in range(26):
for b in range(26):
['afkpuz', 'bglqv!', 'chmrw!', 'dinsx!', 'ejoty!']
"""
split_text = chunks(text, n, fillvalue)
- return [''.join(l) for l in zip_longest(*split_text, fillvalue=fillvalue)]
+ return [cat(l) for l in zip_longest(*split_text, fillvalue=fillvalue)]
def combine_every_nth(split_text):
"""Reforms a text split into every_nth strings
>>> combine_every_nth(every_nth(string.ascii_lowercase, 26))
'abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz'
"""
- return ''.join([''.join(l)
+ return cat([cat(l)
for l in zip_longest(*split_text, fillvalue='')])
def chunks(text, n, fillvalue=None):
'Jgnnq Yqtnf!'
"""
enciphered = [caesar_encipher_letter(l, shift) for l in message]
- return ''.join(enciphered)
+ return cat(enciphered)
def caesar_decipher(message, shift):
"""Decipher a message with the Caesar cipher of given shift
def affine_encipher_letter(accented_letter, multiplier=1, adder=0, one_based=True):
"""Encipher a letter, given a multiplier and adder
- >>> ''.join([affine_encipher_letter(l, 3, 5, True) \
+ >>> cat([affine_encipher_letter(l, 3, 5, True) \
for l in string.ascii_uppercase])
'HKNQTWZCFILORUXADGJMPSVYBE'
- >>> ''.join([affine_encipher_letter(l, 3, 5, False) \
+ >>> cat([affine_encipher_letter(l, 3, 5, False) \
for l in string.ascii_uppercase])
'FILORUXADGJMPSVYBEHKNQTWZC'
"""
def affine_decipher_letter(letter, multiplier=1, adder=0, one_based=True):
"""Encipher a letter, given a multiplier and adder
- >>> ''.join([affine_decipher_letter(l, 3, 5, True) \
+ >>> cat([affine_decipher_letter(l, 3, 5, True) \
for l in 'HKNQTWZCFILORUXADGJMPSVYBE'])
'ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ'
- >>> ''.join([affine_decipher_letter(l, 3, 5, False) \
+ >>> cat([affine_decipher_letter(l, 3, 5, False) \
for l in 'FILORUXADGJMPSVYBEHKNQTWZC'])
'ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ'
"""
"""
enciphered = [affine_encipher_letter(l, multiplier, adder, one_based)
for l in message]
- return ''.join(enciphered)
+ return cat(enciphered)
def affine_decipher(message, multiplier=1, adder=0, one_based=True):
"""Decipher a message
"""
enciphered = [affine_decipher_letter(l, multiplier, adder, one_based)
for l in message]
- return ''.join(enciphered)
+ return cat(enciphered)
class KeywordWrapAlphabet(Enum):
'bayeszcdfghijklmnopqrtuvwx'
"""
if wrap_alphabet == KeywordWrapAlphabet.from_a:
- cipher_alphabet = ''.join(deduplicate(sanitise(keyword) +
+ cipher_alphabet = cat(deduplicate(sanitise(keyword) +
string.ascii_lowercase))
else:
if wrap_alphabet == KeywordWrapAlphabet.from_last:
last_keyword_letter = sorted(sanitise(keyword))[-1]
last_keyword_position = string.ascii_lowercase.find(
last_keyword_letter) + 1
- cipher_alphabet = ''.join(
+ cipher_alphabet = cat(
deduplicate(sanitise(keyword) +
string.ascii_lowercase[last_keyword_position:] +
string.ascii_lowercase))
"""
shifts = [ord(l) - ord('a') for l in sanitise(keyword)]
pairs = zip(message, cycle(shifts))
- return ''.join([caesar_encipher_letter(l, k) for l, k in pairs])
+ return cat([caesar_encipher_letter(l, k) for l, k in pairs])
def vigenere_decipher(message, keyword):
"""Vigenere decipher
"""
shifts = [ord(l) - ord('a') for l in sanitise(keyword)]
pairs = zip(message, cycle(shifts))
- return ''.join([caesar_decipher_letter(l, k) for l, k in pairs])
+ return cat([caesar_decipher_letter(l, k) for l, k in pairs])
beaufort_encipher=vigenere_decipher
beaufort_decipher=vigenere_encipher
if emptycolumnwise:
return combine_every_nth(transposed)
else:
- return ''.join(chain(*transposed))
+ return cat(chain(*transposed))
def column_transposition_decipher(message, keyword, fillvalue=' ',
fillcolumnwise=False,
if fillcolumnwise:
return combine_every_nth(untransposed)
else:
- return ''.join(chain(*untransposed))
+ return cat(chain(*untransposed))
def scytale_encipher(message, rows, fillvalue=' '):
"""Enciphers using the scytale transposition cipher.
sections = chunks(message, (height - 1) * 2, fillvalue=fillvalue)
n_sections = len(sections)
# Add the top row
- rows = [''.join([s[0] for s in sections])]
+ rows = [cat([s[0] for s in sections])]
# process the middle rows of the grid
for r in range(1, height-1):
- rows += [''.join([s[r:r+1] + s[height*2-r-2:height*2-r-1] for s in sections])]
+ rows += [cat([s[r:r+1] + s[height*2-r-2:height*2-r-1] for s in sections])]
# process the bottom row
- rows += [''.join([s[height - 1:height] for s in sections])]
- # rows += [' '.join([s[height - 1] for s in sections])]
- return ''.join(rows)
+ rows += [cat([s[height - 1:height] for s in sections])]
+ # rows += [wcat([s[height - 1] for s in sections])]
+ return cat(rows)
def railfence_decipher(message, height, fillvalue=''):
"""Railfence decipher.
down_rows = [rows[0]]
up_rows = []
for i in range(1, height-1):
- down_rows += [''.join([c for n, c in enumerate(rows[i]) if n % 2 == 0])]
- up_rows += [''.join([c for n, c in enumerate(rows[i]) if n % 2 == 1])]
+ down_rows += [cat([c for n, c in enumerate(rows[i]) if n % 2 == 0])]
+ up_rows += [cat([c for n, c in enumerate(rows[i]) if n % 2 == 1])]
down_rows += [rows[-1]]
up_rows.reverse()
- return ''.join(c for r in zip_longest(*(down_rows + up_rows), fillvalue='') for c in r)
+ return cat(c for r in zip_longest(*(down_rows + up_rows), fillvalue='') for c in r)
+
+def make_cadenus_keycolumn(doubled_letters = 'vw', start='a', reverse=False):
+ """Makes the key column for a Cadenus cipher (the column down between the
+ rows of letters)
+
+ >>> make_cadenus_keycolumn()['a']
+ 0
+ >>> make_cadenus_keycolumn()['b']
+ 1
+ >>> make_cadenus_keycolumn()['c']
+ 2
+ >>> make_cadenus_keycolumn()['v']
+ 21
+ >>> make_cadenus_keycolumn()['w']
+ 21
+ >>> make_cadenus_keycolumn()['z']
+ 24
+ >>> make_cadenus_keycolumn(doubled_letters='ij', start='b', reverse=True)['a']
+ 1
+ >>> make_cadenus_keycolumn(doubled_letters='ij', start='b', reverse=True)['b']
+ 0
+ >>> make_cadenus_keycolumn(doubled_letters='ij', start='b', reverse=True)['c']
+ 24
+ >>> make_cadenus_keycolumn(doubled_letters='ij', start='b', reverse=True)['i']
+ 18
+ >>> make_cadenus_keycolumn(doubled_letters='ij', start='b', reverse=True)['j']
+ 18
+ >>> make_cadenus_keycolumn(doubled_letters='ij', start='b', reverse=True)['v']
+ 6
+ >>> make_cadenus_keycolumn(doubled_letters='ij', start='b', reverse=True)['z']
+ 2
+ """
+ index_to_remove = string.ascii_lowercase.find(doubled_letters[0])
+ short_alphabet = string.ascii_lowercase[:index_to_remove] + string.ascii_lowercase[index_to_remove+1:]
+ if reverse:
+ short_alphabet = cat(reversed(short_alphabet))
+ start_pos = short_alphabet.find(start)
+ rotated_alphabet = short_alphabet[start_pos:] + short_alphabet[:start_pos]
+ keycolumn = {l: i for i, l in enumerate(rotated_alphabet)}
+ keycolumn[doubled_letters[0]] = keycolumn[doubled_letters[1]]
+ return keycolumn
+
+def cadenus_encipher(message, keyword, keycolumn, fillvalue='a'):
+ """Encipher with the Cadenus cipher
+
+ >>> cadenus_encipher(sanitise('Whoever has made a voyage up the Hudson ' \
+ 'must remember the Kaatskill mountains. ' \
+ 'They are a dismembered branch of the great'), \
+ 'wink', \
+ make_cadenus_keycolumn(doubled_letters='vw', start='a', reverse=True))
+ 'antodeleeeuhrsidrbhmhdrrhnimefmthgeaetakseomehetyaasuvoyegrastmmuuaeenabbtpchehtarorikswosmvaleatned'
+ >>> cadenus_encipher(sanitise('a severe limitation on the usefulness of ' \
+ 'the cadenus is that every message must be ' \
+ 'a multiple of twenty-five letters long'), \
+ 'easy', \
+ make_cadenus_keycolumn(doubled_letters='vw', start='a', reverse=True))
+ 'systretomtattlusoatleeesfiyheasdfnmschbhneuvsnpmtofarenuseieeieltarlmentieetogevesitfaisltngeeuvowul'
+ """
+ rows = chunks(message, len(message) // 25, fillvalue=fillvalue)
+ columns = zip(*rows)
+ rotated_columns = [col[start:] + col[:start] for start, col in zip([keycolumn[l] for l in keyword], columns)]
+ rotated_rows = zip(*rotated_columns)
+ transpositions = transpositions_of(keyword)
+ transposed = [transpose(r, transpositions) for r in rotated_rows]
+ return cat(chain(*transposed))
+
+def cadenus_decipher(message, keyword, keycolumn, fillvalue='a'):
+ """
+ >>> cadenus_decipher('antodeleeeuhrsidrbhmhdrrhnimefmthgeaetakseomehetyaa' \
+ 'suvoyegrastmmuuaeenabbtpchehtarorikswosmvaleatned', \
+ 'wink', \
+ make_cadenus_keycolumn(reverse=True))
+ 'whoeverhasmadeavoyageupthehudsonmustrememberthekaatskillmountainstheyareadismemberedbranchofthegreat'
+ >>> cadenus_decipher('systretomtattlusoatleeesfiyheasdfnmschbhneuvsnpmtof' \
+ 'arenuseieeieltarlmentieetogevesitfaisltngeeuvowul', \
+ 'easy', \
+ make_cadenus_keycolumn(reverse=True))
+ 'aseverelimitationontheusefulnessofthecadenusisthateverymessagemustbeamultipleoftwentyfiveletterslong'
+ """
+ rows = chunks(message, len(message) // 25, fillvalue=fillvalue)
+ transpositions = transpositions_of(keyword)
+ untransposed_rows = [untranspose(r, transpositions) for r in rows]
+ columns = zip(*untransposed_rows)
+ rotated_columns = [col[-start:] + col[:-start] for start, col in zip([keycolumn[l] for l in keyword], columns)]
+ rotated_rows = zip(*rotated_columns)
+ # return rotated_columns
+ return cat(chain(*rotated_rows))
+
+
+def hill_encipher(matrix, message_letters, fillvalue='a'):
+ """Hill cipher
+
+ >>> hill_encipher(np.matrix([[7,8], [11,11]]), 'hellothere')
+ 'drjiqzdrvx'
+ >>> hill_encipher(np.matrix([[6, 24, 1], [13, 16, 10], [20, 17, 15]]), \
+ 'hello there')
+ 'tfjflpznvyac'
+ """
+ n = len(matrix)
+ sanitised_message = sanitise(message_letters)
+ if len(sanitised_message) % n != 0:
+ padding = fillvalue[0] * (n - len(sanitised_message) % n)
+ else:
+ padding = ''
+ message = [ord(c) - ord('a') for c in sanitised_message + padding]
+ message_chunks = [message[i:i+n] for i in range(0, len(message), n)]
+ # message_chunks = chunks(message, len(matrix), fillvalue=None)
+ enciphered_chunks = [((matrix * np.matrix(c).T).T).tolist()[0]
+ for c in message_chunks]
+ return cat([chr(int(round(l)) % 26 + ord('a'))
+ for l in sum(enciphered_chunks, [])])
+
+def hill_decipher(matrix, message, fillvalue='a'):
+ """Hill cipher
+
+ >>> hill_decipher(np.matrix([[7,8], [11,11]]), 'drjiqzdrvx')
+ 'hellothere'
+ >>> hill_decipher(np.matrix([[6, 24, 1], [13, 16, 10], [20, 17, 15]]), \
+ 'tfjflpznvyac')
+ 'hellothereaa'
+ """
+ adjoint = linalg.det(matrix)*linalg.inv(matrix)
+ inverse_determinant = modular_division_table[int(round(linalg.det(matrix))) % 26][1]
+ inverse_matrix = (inverse_determinant * adjoint) % 26
+ return hill_encipher(inverse_matrix, message, fillvalue)
+
+
+# Where each piece of text ends up in the AMSCO transpositon cipher.
+# 'index' shows where the slice appears in the plaintext, with the slice
+# from 'start' to 'end'
+AmscoSlice = collections.namedtuple('AmscoSlice', ['index', 'start', 'end'])
+
+class AmscoFillStyle(Enum):
+ continuous = 1
+ same_each_row = 2
+ reverse_each_row = 3
+
+def amsco_transposition_positions(message, keyword,
+ fillpattern=(1, 2),
+ fillstyle=AmscoFillStyle.continuous,
+ fillcolumnwise=False,
+ emptycolumnwise=True):
+ """Creates the grid for the AMSCO transposition cipher. Each element in the
+ grid shows the index of that slice and the start and end positions of the
+ plaintext that go to make it up.
+
+ >>> amsco_transposition_positions(string.ascii_lowercase, 'freddy', \
+ fillpattern=(1, 2)) # doctest: +NORMALIZE_WHITESPACE
+ [[AmscoSlice(index=3, start=4, end=6),
+ AmscoSlice(index=2, start=3, end=4),
+ AmscoSlice(index=0, start=0, end=1),
+ AmscoSlice(index=1, start=1, end=3),
+ AmscoSlice(index=4, start=6, end=7)],
+ [AmscoSlice(index=8, start=12, end=13),
+ AmscoSlice(index=7, start=10, end=12),
+ AmscoSlice(index=5, start=7, end=9),
+ AmscoSlice(index=6, start=9, end=10),
+ AmscoSlice(index=9, start=13, end=15)],
+ [AmscoSlice(index=13, start=19, end=21),
+ AmscoSlice(index=12, start=18, end=19),
+ AmscoSlice(index=10, start=15, end=16),
+ AmscoSlice(index=11, start=16, end=18),
+ AmscoSlice(index=14, start=21, end=22)],
+ [AmscoSlice(index=18, start=27, end=28),
+ AmscoSlice(index=17, start=25, end=27),
+ AmscoSlice(index=15, start=22, end=24),
+ AmscoSlice(index=16, start=24, end=25),
+ AmscoSlice(index=19, start=28, end=30)]]
+ """
+ transpositions = transpositions_of(keyword)
+ fill_iterator = cycle(fillpattern)
+ indices = count()
+ message_length = len(message)
+
+ current_position = 0
+ grid = []
+ current_fillpattern = fillpattern
+ while current_position < message_length:
+ row = []
+ if fillstyle == AmscoFillStyle.same_each_row:
+ fill_iterator = cycle(fillpattern)
+ if fillstyle == AmscoFillStyle.reverse_each_row:
+ fill_iterator = cycle(current_fillpattern)
+ for _ in range(len(transpositions)):
+ index = next(indices)
+ gap = next(fill_iterator)
+ row += [AmscoSlice(index, current_position, current_position + gap)]
+ current_position += gap
+ grid += [row]
+ if fillstyle == AmscoFillStyle.reverse_each_row:
+ current_fillpattern = list(reversed(current_fillpattern))
+ return [transpose(r, transpositions) for r in grid]
+
+def amsco_transposition_encipher(message, keyword,
+ fillpattern=(1,2), fillstyle=AmscoFillStyle.reverse_each_row):
+ """AMSCO transposition encipher.
+
+ >>> amsco_transposition_encipher('hellothere', 'abc', fillpattern=(1, 2))
+ 'hoteelhler'
+ >>> amsco_transposition_encipher('hellothere', 'abc', fillpattern=(2, 1))
+ 'hetelhelor'
+ >>> amsco_transposition_encipher('hellothere', 'acb', fillpattern=(1, 2))
+ 'hotelerelh'
+ >>> amsco_transposition_encipher('hellothere', 'acb', fillpattern=(2, 1))
+ 'hetelorlhe'
+ >>> amsco_transposition_encipher('hereissometexttoencipher', 'encode')
+ 'etecstthhomoerereenisxip'
+ >>> amsco_transposition_encipher('hereissometexttoencipher', 'cipher', fillpattern=(1, 2))
+ 'hetcsoeisterereipexthomn'
+ >>> amsco_transposition_encipher('hereissometexttoencipher', 'cipher', fillpattern=(1, 2), fillstyle=AmscoFillStyle.continuous)
+ 'hecsoisttererteipexhomen'
+ >>> amsco_transposition_encipher('hereissometexttoencipher', 'cipher', fillpattern=(2, 1))
+ 'heecisoosttrrtepeixhemen'
+ >>> amsco_transposition_encipher('hereissometexttoencipher', 'cipher', fillpattern=(1, 3, 2))
+ 'hxtomephescieretoeisnter'
+ >>> amsco_transposition_encipher('hereissometexttoencipher', 'cipher', fillpattern=(1, 3, 2), fillstyle=AmscoFillStyle.continuous)
+ 'hxomeiphscerettoisenteer'
+ """
+ grid = amsco_transposition_positions(message, keyword,
+ fillpattern=fillpattern, fillstyle=fillstyle)
+ ct_as_grid = [[message[s.start:s.end] for s in r] for r in grid]
+ return combine_every_nth(ct_as_grid)
+
+
+def amsco_transposition_decipher(message, keyword,
+ fillpattern=(1,2), fillstyle=AmscoFillStyle.reverse_each_row):
+ """AMSCO transposition decipher
+
+ >>> amsco_transposition_decipher('hoteelhler', 'abc', fillpattern=(1, 2))
+ 'hellothere'
+ >>> amsco_transposition_decipher('hetelhelor', 'abc', fillpattern=(2, 1))
+ 'hellothere'
+ >>> amsco_transposition_decipher('hotelerelh', 'acb', fillpattern=(1, 2))
+ 'hellothere'
+ >>> amsco_transposition_decipher('hetelorlhe', 'acb', fillpattern=(2, 1))
+ 'hellothere'
+ >>> amsco_transposition_decipher('etecstthhomoerereenisxip', 'encode')
+ 'hereissometexttoencipher'
+ >>> amsco_transposition_decipher('hetcsoeisterereipexthomn', 'cipher', fillpattern=(1, 2))
+ 'hereissometexttoencipher'
+ >>> amsco_transposition_decipher('hecsoisttererteipexhomen', 'cipher', fillpattern=(1, 2), fillstyle=AmscoFillStyle.continuous)
+ 'hereissometexttoencipher'
+ >>> amsco_transposition_decipher('heecisoosttrrtepeixhemen', 'cipher', fillpattern=(2, 1))
+ 'hereissometexttoencipher'
+ >>> amsco_transposition_decipher('hxtomephescieretoeisnter', 'cipher', fillpattern=(1, 3, 2))
+ 'hereissometexttoencipher'
+ >>> amsco_transposition_decipher('hxomeiphscerettoisenteer', 'cipher', fillpattern=(1, 3, 2), fillstyle=AmscoFillStyle.continuous)
+ 'hereissometexttoencipher'
+ """
+
+ grid = amsco_transposition_positions(message, keyword,
+ fillpattern=fillpattern, fillstyle=fillstyle)
+ transposed_sections = [s for c in [l for l in zip(*grid)] for s in c]
+ plaintext_list = [''] * len(transposed_sections)
+ current_pos = 0
+ for slice in transposed_sections:
+ plaintext_list[slice.index] = message[current_pos:current_pos-slice.start+slice.end][:len(message[slice.start:slice.end])]
+ current_pos += len(message[slice.start:slice.end])
+ return cat(plaintext_list)
class PocketEnigma(object):
>>> pe.set_position('f')
5
- >>> ''.join([pe.lookup(l) for l in string.ascii_lowercase])
+ >>> cat([pe.lookup(l) for l in string.ascii_lowercase])
'udhbfejcpgmokrliwntsayqzvx'
>>> pe.lookup('A')
''