--- /dev/null
+{
+ "metadata": {
+ "name": "",
+ "signature": "sha256:374900202f4f7c3f157762c0d012b597cc502efce4de220013e3cc9cd8dfc896"
+ },
+ "nbformat": 3,
+ "nbformat_minor": 0,
+ "worksheets": [
+ {
+ "cells": [
+ {
+ "cell_type": "markdown",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "# Hangman 1: set a puzzle\n",
+ "\n",
+ "A fairly traditional hangman game. The computer chooses a word, the (human) player has to guess it without making too many wrong guesses. You'll need to find a list of words to chose from and develop a simple UI for the game (e.g. text only: display the target word with underscores and letters, lives left, and maybe incorrect guesses). \n",
+ "\n",
+ "## Data structures\n",
+ "\n",
+ "* What do we need to track?\n",
+ "* What operations do we need to perform on it?\n",
+ "* How to store it?\n",
+ "\n",
+ "## Creating a game\n",
+ "* 'List' of words to choose from\n",
+ " * Pick one at random\n",
+ "\n",
+ "## Game state\n",
+ "\n",
+ "<table>\n",
+ "<tr valign=\"top\">\n",
+ "<th>Data</th>\n",
+ "<th> </th>\n",
+ "<th>Operations</th>\n",
+ "</tr>\n",
+ "<tr valign=\"top\">\n",
+ "<td>\n",
+ "\n",
+ "* Target word\n",
+ "* Discovered letters\n",
+ " * In order in the word\n",
+ "* Lives left\n",
+ "* Wrong letters?\n",
+ "\n",
+ "</td>\n",
+ "<td></td>\n",
+ "<td>\n",
+ "\n",
+ "* Get a guess\n",
+ "* Update discovered letters\n",
+ "* Update lives\n",
+ "* Show discovered word\n",
+ "* Detect game end, report\n",
+ "* Detect game win or loss, report\n",
+ "\n",
+ "</td>\n",
+ "</tr>\n",
+ "</table>"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "import re\n",
+ "import random"
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [],
+ "prompt_number": 3
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "markdown",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "## Get the words\n",
+ "Read the words the game setter can choose from. The list contains all sorts of hangman-illegal words, such as proper nouns and abbreviations. We'll remove them by taking the pragmatic approach that if a word contains a non-lowercase letter (capital letters, full stops, apostrophes, etc.), it's illegal. "
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "# Just use a regex to filter the words. There are other ways to do this, as you know.\n",
+ "WORDS = [w.strip() for w in open('/usr/share/dict/british-english').readlines() \n",
+ " if re.match(r'^[a-z]*$', w.strip())]"
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [],
+ "prompt_number": 4
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "markdown",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "A few quick looks at the list of words, to make sure it's sensible."
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "len(WORDS)"
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "metadata": {},
+ "output_type": "pyout",
+ "prompt_number": 5,
+ "text": [
+ "62856"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 5
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "WORDS[30000:30010]"
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "metadata": {},
+ "output_type": "pyout",
+ "prompt_number": 6,
+ "text": [
+ "['jotted',\n",
+ " 'jotting',\n",
+ " 'jottings',\n",
+ " 'joule',\n",
+ " 'joules',\n",
+ " 'jounce',\n",
+ " 'jounced',\n",
+ " 'jounces',\n",
+ " 'jouncing',\n",
+ " 'journal']"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 6
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "markdown",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "## Constants and game states"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "markdown",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "## The target word"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "target = random.choice(WORDS)\n",
+ "target"
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "metadata": {},
+ "output_type": "pyout",
+ "prompt_number": 7,
+ "text": [
+ "'rocketing'"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 7
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "STARTING_LIVES = 10\n",
+ "lives = 0"
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [],
+ "prompt_number": 8
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "wrong_letters = []"
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [],
+ "prompt_number": 9
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "markdown",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "We'll represent the partially-discovered word as a list of characters. Each character is either the letter in the target (if it's been discovered) or an underscore if it's not.\n",
+ "\n",
+ "Use a `list` as it's a mutable data structure. That means we can change individual elements of a list, which we couldn't if we represented it as a `string`.\n",
+ "\n",
+ "We can also use `discovered` to check of a game win. If `discovered` contains an underscore, the player hasn't won the game."
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "discovered = list('_' * len(target))\n",
+ "discovered"
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "metadata": {},
+ "output_type": "pyout",
+ "prompt_number": 10,
+ "text": [
+ "['_', '_', '_', '_', '_', '_', '_', '_', '_']"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 10
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "markdown",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "We can use `' '.join(discovered)` to display it nicely."
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "' '.join(discovered)"
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "metadata": {},
+ "output_type": "pyout",
+ "prompt_number": 11,
+ "text": [
+ "'_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _'"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 11
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "markdown",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "## Read a letter\n",
+ "Get rid of fluff and make sure we only get one letter."
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "letter = input('Enter letter: ').strip().lower()[0]\n",
+ "letter"
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "name": "stdout",
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "Enter letter: r\n"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "metadata": {},
+ "output_type": "pyout",
+ "prompt_number": 9,
+ "text": [
+ "'r'"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 9
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "markdown",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "# Finding a letter in a word\n",
+ "One operation we want to to is to update `discovered` when we get a `letter`. The trick is that we want to update every occurrence of the `letter` in `discovered`. \n",
+ "\n",
+ "We'll do it in two phases. In the first phase, we'll find all the occurences of the `letter` in the `target` and return a list of those locations. In the second phase, we'll update all those positions in `discovered` with the `letter`. \n",
+ "\n",
+ "There's probaby a clever way of doing this in one pass, but it's complicated (or at least not obvious), so let's just do it the easy way."
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "# Note that find returns either the first occurrence of a substring, or -1 if it doesn't exist.\n",
+ "def find_all_explicit(string, letter):\n",
+ " locations = []\n",
+ " starting=0\n",
+ " location = string.find(letter)\n",
+ " while location > -1:\n",
+ " locations += [location]\n",
+ " starting = location + 1\n",
+ " location = string.find(letter, starting)\n",
+ " return locations"
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [],
+ "prompt_number": 25
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "# A simpler way using a list comprehension and the built-in enumerate()\n",
+ "def find_all(string, letter):\n",
+ " return [p for p, l in enumerate(string) if l == letter]"
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [],
+ "prompt_number": 12
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "find_all('happy', 'p')"
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "metadata": {},
+ "output_type": "pyout",
+ "prompt_number": 13,
+ "text": [
+ "[2, 3]"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 13
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "markdown",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "## Updating the discovered word\n",
+ "Now we can update `discovered`. We'll look through the `locations` list and update that element of `discovered`."
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "guessed_letter = 'e'\n",
+ "locations = find_all(target, guessed_letter)\n",
+ "for location in locations:\n",
+ " discovered[location] = guessed_letter\n",
+ "discovered"
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "metadata": {},
+ "output_type": "pyout",
+ "prompt_number": 15,
+ "text": [
+ "['_', '_', '_', '_', 'e', '_', '_', '_', '_']"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 15
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "markdown",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "## Putting it all together\n",
+ "We've not got quite a few bits and pieces of how the game should work. Now it's time to start putting them together into the game.\n",
+ "\n",
+ "```\n",
+ "to play a game:\n",
+ " initialise lives, target, etc.\n",
+ " finished? = False\n",
+ " handle a turn\n",
+ " while not finished?:\n",
+ " if guessed all letters:\n",
+ " report success\n",
+ " finished? = True\n",
+ " elif run out of lives:\n",
+ " report failure\n",
+ " finished? = True\n",
+ " else:\n",
+ " handle a turn\n",
+ "```\n",
+ "\n",
+ "```\n",
+ "to handle a turn:\n",
+ " print the challenge\n",
+ " get the letter\n",
+ " if letter in target:\n",
+ " update discovered\n",
+ " else:\n",
+ " update lives, wrong_letters\n",
+ "```\n",
+ "\n",
+ "```\n",
+ "to update discovered:\n",
+ " find all the locations of letter in target\n",
+ " replace the appropriate underscores in discovered\n",
+ "```\n",
+ "\n",
+ "We pretty much know how to do all these bits, so let's just start at the bottom and off we go!\n",
+ "\n",
+ "###Syntax note\n",
+ "Note the use of Python's `global` statement, to tell Python that we're updating the global variables in each procedure. We'll fix that later."
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "def updated_discovered_word(discovered, guessed_letter):\n",
+ " locations = find_all(target, guessed_letter)\n",
+ " for location in locations:\n",
+ " discovered[location] = guessed_letter\n",
+ " return discovered"
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [],
+ "prompt_number": 16
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "def initialise():\n",
+ " global lives, target, discovered, wrong_letters\n",
+ " lives = STARTING_LIVES\n",
+ " target = random.choice(WORDS)\n",
+ " discovered = list('_' * len(target))\n",
+ " wrong_letters = []"
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [],
+ "prompt_number": 17
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "def do_turn():\n",
+ " global discovered, lives, wrong_letters\n",
+ " print('Word:', ' '.join(discovered), ' : Lives =', lives, ', wrong guesses:', ' '.join(sorted(wrong_letters)))\n",
+ " guess = input('Enter letter: ').strip().lower()[0]\n",
+ " if guess in target:\n",
+ " updated_discovered_word(discovered, guess)\n",
+ " else:\n",
+ " lives -= 1\n",
+ " if guess not in wrong_letters:\n",
+ " wrong_letters += [guess]"
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [],
+ "prompt_number": 18
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "def play_game():\n",
+ " global discovered, lives\n",
+ " initialise()\n",
+ " game_finished = False\n",
+ " do_turn()\n",
+ " while not game_finished:\n",
+ " if '_' not in discovered:\n",
+ " print('You won! The word was', target)\n",
+ " game_finished = True\n",
+ " elif lives <= 0:\n",
+ " print('You lost. The word was', target)\n",
+ " game_finished = True\n",
+ " else:\n",
+ " do_turn()"
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [],
+ "prompt_number": 19
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "markdown",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "## Playing the game\n",
+ "That seemed straightforward. Let's see if it works!"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "play_game()"
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "Word: _ _ _ _ _ _ _ : Lives = 10 , wrong guesses: \n"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "name": "stdout",
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "Enter letter: e\n"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "Word: _ _ _ _ _ _ e : Lives = 10 , wrong guesses: \n"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "name": "stdout",
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "Enter letter: a\n"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "Word: _ _ _ _ _ _ e : Lives = 9 , wrong guesses: a\n"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "name": "stdout",
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "Enter letter: i\n"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "Word: _ _ _ _ i _ e : Lives = 9 , wrong guesses: a\n"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "name": "stdout",
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "Enter letter: o\n"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "Word: _ o _ _ i _ e : Lives = 9 , wrong guesses: a\n"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "name": "stdout",
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "Enter letter: n\n"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "Word: _ o n _ i _ e : Lives = 9 , wrong guesses: a\n"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "name": "stdout",
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "Enter letter: v\n"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "Word: _ o n _ i _ e : Lives = 8 , wrong guesses: a v\n"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "name": "stdout",
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "Enter letter: t\n"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "Word: _ o n _ i _ e : Lives = 7 , wrong guesses: a t v\n"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "name": "stdout",
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "Enter letter: s\n"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "Word: _ o n _ i _ e : Lives = 6 , wrong guesses: a s t v\n"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "name": "stdout",
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "Enter letter: h\n"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "Word: _ o n _ i _ e : Lives = 5 , wrong guesses: a h s t v\n"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "name": "stdout",
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "Enter letter: f\n"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "Word: _ o n f i _ e : Lives = 5 , wrong guesses: a h s t v\n"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "name": "stdout",
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "Enter letter: b\n"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "Word: b o n f i _ e : Lives = 5 , wrong guesses: a h s t v\n"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "name": "stdout",
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "Enter letter: r\n"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "You won! The word was bonfire\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 22
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [],
+ "prompt_number": 17
+ }
+ ],
+ "metadata": {}
+ }
+ ]
+}
\ No newline at end of file
projects / cas-master-teacher-training.git / blobdiff